Leather Tools and Supplies

C.S. Osborne leather tools deliver durable, American-made precision for leatherworkers, upholsterers and saddlers. From skiving knives and punches to awls and mallets, these tools are hardened for long life and tuned for accurate, professional results.

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C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nail 7252-N 5/8 Natural
C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nail 7252-N 5/8 Natural - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne Decorative Nails
Price
$35.00

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nail 7252-N 5/8 Natural

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Natural - # 7252-N585/8" Diameter; 5/8" Shank250 Per Box

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nail 7180-OCG 1/2 - Old Copper Ground
C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nail 7180-OCG 1/2 - Old Copper Ground - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne Decorative Nails
Price
$45.00

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nail 7180-OCG 1/2 - Old Copper Ground

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Old Copper Ground - # 7180OCG7/16" Diameter; 1/2" Shank1,000 Per Box

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails 7112 - Old Gold Speckled
C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails 7112 - Old Gold Speckled - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne Decorative Nails
Price
$35.00

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails 7112 - Old Gold Speckled

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Old Gold Speckled3/4" Diameter; 5/8" Shank250 Per Box

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Oxford Nickel Plated - # 6901 NP
C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Oxford Nickel Plated - # 6901 NP - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne Decorative Nails
Price
$25.00

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Oxford Nickel Plated - # 6901 NP

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Oxford Nickel Plated7/16" Diameter; 1/2" Shank1000 Per Box

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Brass Plated 3/4" - # 6930
C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Brass Plated 3/4" - # 6930 - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne Decorative Nails
Price
$25.00

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Brass Plated 3/4" - # 6930

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Brass Plated3/4" Diameter; 1/2" Shank250 Per Box

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Antique Oxidized 3/4" - #6992
C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Antique Oxidized 3/4" - #6992 - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne Decorative Nails
Price
$25.00

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Antique Oxidized 3/4" - #6992

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Antique Oxidized3/4" Diameter; 5/8" Shank250 Per Box

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Overlap Old Copper
C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Overlap Old Copper - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne Decorative Nails
Price
$18.94

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Overlap Old Copper

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Overlap Old Copper Laquered Rolled7/16" Diameter; 1/2" Shank1000 Per Box

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Oxford Old Copper
C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Oxford Old Copper - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne Decorative Nails
Price
$30.00

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Oxford Old Copper

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Nails - Oxford Old Copper Laquered Rolled7/16" Diameter; 1/2" Shank1000 Per Box

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Booklet
C.S. Osborne Upholstery Booklet - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne, C.S. Osborne Upholstery Kits
1
Price
$5.00

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Booklet

UPHOLSTERY BOOKLET C.S. Osborne Upholstery Tools

C.S. Osborne Tufting Clasps
C.S. Osborne Tufting Clasps - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne, C.S. Osborne Tufting Needles and Twine
Price
$15.00

C.S. Osborne Tufting Clasps

C.S. Osborne Tufting ClaspsHigh quality steel. These clasps are used with C,S. Osborne # 613 Tufting Needle.Packed and sold in bags of 144.

C.S. Osborne 12" Tufting Needle 10 Guage
C.S. Osborne 12" Tufting Needle 10 Guage
C.S. Osborne Tufting Needle - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne, C.S. Osborne Tufting Needles and Twine
Price
$31.00

C.S. Osborne 12" Tufting Needle 10 Guage

C.S. Osborne Upholstery Tufting Needle Nickel plated. Furniture button tufter comes with two dozen clasps. Osborne quality needle. Thread twine in round hole of clasp,...

C.S. Osborne Three Prong Clip Pliers
C.S. Osborne Three Prong Clip Pliers - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne, C.S. Osborne Pliers
Price
$94.00

C.S. Osborne Three Prong Clip Pliers

C.S. Osborne Three Prong Clip PliersA special plier used for applying edge wire clips to edge wire and springs. A great time saver. Number 445...

C.S. Osborne Strap End Punch - Round Point # 150
C.S. Osborne Strap End Punch - Round Point - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne Strap End Punches - # 150 & 0150
Price
Options From $60.00

C.S. Osborne Strap End Punch - Round Point # 150

C.S. Osborne Strap End Punch #150 - Round Point. Polished and Hardened Edges. Every Osborne Edge Is Hand File Sharpened And Is True. Available in...

C.S. Osborne Tack & Staple Remover
C.S. Osborne Tack & Staple Remover - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne
Price
$37.00

C.S. Osborne Tack & Staple Remover

Used for grooving out drawsers so that when re-glued they will stick. Also removes staples. Made of forged steel with wooden handle and a nickel...

C.S. Osborne Spring End Former
C.S. Osborne Spring End Former - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne
Price
$120.00

C.S. Osborne Spring End Former

SPRING END FORMER C.S. Osborne Upholstery Tools

C.S. Osborne Spring & Wire Connectors
C.S. Osborne Spring & Wire Connectors - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne
Price
$58.00

C.S. Osborne Spring & Wire Connectors

SPRING & WIRE CONNECTORS C.S. Osborne Upholstery Tools

C.S. Osborne Staple Puller Plier # 602
17% off
C.S. Osborne Staple Puller Plier #602
C.S. Osborne Staple Puller Plier #602
Sale price
$79.00
Regular price
$95.00

C.S. Osborne Staple Puller Plier # 602

C.S. Osborne Staple Puller PlierForged Steel. Blued Finish. Vinyl handles to add comfort and prevent slipping. Opening spring. The unique design welded pin gives leverage...

C.S. Osborne Short Cutter #45
C.S. Osborne Short Cutter #45 - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne
Price
$51.00

C.S. Osborne Short Cutter #45

SHORT CUTTER #45 C.S. Osborne Upholstery Tools

C.S. Osborne Sewing Awl Haft
C.S. Osborne Sewing Awl Haft - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne, C.S. Osborne Awls & Hafts
1
Price
$17.00

C.S. Osborne Sewing Awl Haft

C.S. Osborne Sewing Awl HaftA popular sewing awl haft in Europe.Knurled chuck makes it easy to tighten manually.C.S. Osborne # 928

C.S. Osborne Small French Natural Decorative Nails 3/4" Shank
C.S. Osborne Small French Natural Decorative Nails 3/4" Shank - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne Decorative Nails
Price
$29.00

C.S. Osborne Small French Natural Decorative Nails 3/4" Shank

C.S. Osborne Upholstery 3/8" Diameter 3/4" ShankSmall French Natural Decorative Nails1000 Per Box

C.S. Osborne Ship Scraper #388
C.S. Osborne Ship Scraper #388 - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne
Price
$29.00

C.S. Osborne Ship Scraper #388

C.S. Osborne Ship Scraper #388All Carbon Steel; Sharp Edges; Hardened and TemperedMade to Government Specifications15" Length; 1-3/4" Wiidth

C.S. Osborne Scratch Awl
C.S. Osborne Scratch Awl - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne, C.S. Osborne Awls & Hafts
2
Price
$5.00

C.S. Osborne Scratch Awl

C.S. Osborne Scratch AwlSharp Pointed, Tempered Blade for piercing leaather, sewing and a variety of uses.Hardwood handle2" Blade Length; 3-7/8" Overall LengthStyle # 478

C.S. Osborne Revolving Punch
C.S. Osborne Revolving Punch - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne, C.S. Osborne Leather Punches
1
Price
$83.50

C.S. Osborne Revolving Punch

C.S. Osborne Revolving PunchFor Professional & Industrial UseSix tube punch made with tubes 0, 1, 2, 3, 5 & 7.This punch is known as the...

C.S. Osborne Plastic Superhook 30 5Gr
C.S. Osborne Plastic Superhook 30 5Gr - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne Nylon Super Hooks & Poly Washers
Price
$45.00

C.S. Osborne Plastic Superhook 30 5Gr

C.S. Osborne Nylon Super HookApplicable on: Reversible Cushions, Non Reversible Cushions, Tight Seats, Chair Backs, Bolsters, hassocks, etc.Fast Installation, low cost, perfect tufting depth every time....

C.S. Osborne Plate For #1 Machine
Price
$40.00

C.S. Osborne Plate For #1 Machine

PLATE FOR #1 MACHINE C.S. Osborne Upholstery Tools

C.S. Osborne Plastic Stretcher (Groove End) 869-P
25% off
C.S. Osborne Plastic Webbing Stretcher (Groove End) 698 P
C.S. Osborne Plastic Webbing Stretcher (Groove End) 698P
Sale price
$15.00
Regular price
$20.00

C.S. Osborne Plastic Stretcher (Groove End) 869-P

C.S. Osborne Plastic Webbing Stretcher (Groove End) 869 P. Made of hard durable plastic which makes it lighter. It has a groove at the end...

C.S. Osborne Oxford Hammerhead Decorative Nails 3/4" Shank
C.S. Osborne Oxford Hammerhead Decorative Nails 3/4" Shank - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne Decorative Nails
Price
$30.00

C.S. Osborne Oxford Hammerhead Decorative Nails 3/4" Shank

C.S. Osborne Upholstery 7/16" Diameter Oxford Hammerhead Decorative Nails(1000/Box) Brass Finish.

C.S. Osborne Mount Diagonal Cutting Nippers 8377
Osborne Mount Diagonal Cutting Nippers 8377
C.S. Osborne Mount Diagonal Cutting Nippers 8377
Price
$15.00

C.S. Osborne Mount Diagonal Cutting Nippers 8377

C.S. Osborne Mount Diagonal Cutting Nippers No. 8377. Solid tough nipper forged for cutting hog rings or wire, nails, etc. Red vinyl grips. The toughest.

C.S. Osborne 3/16" Midget Grommet Die #235 - Various Sizes
C.S. Osborne Midget Grommet Die - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne, C.S. Osborne Grommet Kits
C.S. Osborne Midget Grommet Die # 235
Price
Options From $20.36

C.S. Osborne 3/16" Midget Grommet Die #235 - Various Sizes

C.S. Osborne Midget Grommet Die # 235 For setting plain rim washers and grommets. This die is designed for use where only a few grommets...

C.S. Osborne K10 Needle Card
C.S. Osborne K10 Needle Card
C.S. Osborne K10 Needle Card - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne Needle Kits
Price
$10.00

C.S. Osborne K10 Needle Card

C.S. Osborne K-10 Needle Card. Kalamazoo hole for hang up display. Nickel plated. Each Kit Contains 20 Sewing Needles 10 darners 1 Threader

C.S. Osborne K-5 Straight Round Point Needles
C.S. Osborne K-5 Straight Round Point Needles
C.S. Osborne K-5 Straight Rounf Point Needles - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne Needle Kits
Price
$25.00

C.S. Osborne K-5 Straight Round Point Needles

C.S. Osborne K-5 Straight Round Point Needle Kit Four straight round point needles to a card. Each card printed in attractive yellow and blue and...

C.S. Osborne Pouring Ladle #373 - Various Sizes
Sale
Osborne Pouring Ladel #373
Osborne Pouring Ladle #373
Price
Options From $38.00

C.S. Osborne Pouring Ladle #373 - Various Sizes

C.S. Osborne Pouring Ladle #373 - Various Sizes Iron, lead ,aluminum even bronze and beryllium pour evenly from a forged steel bowl. Residue that clogs...

C.S. Osborne Longshoreman's Hook #291
C.S. Osborne Longshoreman's Hook #291 - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne Hooks
C.S. Osborne Longshoreman's Hook #291 - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne Hooks
Price
$30.00

C.S. Osborne Longshoreman's Hook #291

C.S. Osborne Longshoreman's Hook #291 11" Blade. This pattern is trusted by thousands of dock workers on the New York waterfront. The blade is forged...

C.S. Osborne K-4 Curved 3-Square Point Needles
Osborne K-4 Curved 3-Square Point Needles
C.S. Osborne K-4 Curved 3-Square Point Needles - C.S. Osborne Needle Kits
Price
$15.00

C.S. Osborne K-4 Curved 3-Square Point Needles

C.S. Osborne K-4 Curved 3-Square Point Needles 4:  Three-Square point needles per card. Kalamazoo hole for hang up display. Plastic covered. Each Kit Contains 1:...

C.S. Osborne Home Grommet Kit - Nickel - 3/16" - 00
C.S. Osborne Home Grommet Kit - Nickel - 3/16" - 00 - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne, C.S. Osborne Home Grommet Kits
1
Price
$43.00

C.S. Osborne Home Grommet Kit - Nickel - 3/16" - 00

C.S. Osborne Home Grommet Kit - Nickel - 3/16" - Size 00A complete and affordable kit for consumer use.Each Kit Includes:1: #235 Grommet Die1: #245...

C.S. Osborne Home Grommet Kit - Nickel 1/4" - 0
C.S. Osborne Home Grommet Kit - Nickel 1/4" - 0 - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne, C.S. Osborne Home Grommet Kits
Price
$43.00

C.S. Osborne Home Grommet Kit - Nickel 1/4" - 0

C.S. Osborne Home Grommet Kit - Nickel - 1/4" - Size 0A complete and affordable kit for consumer use.Each Kit Includes:1: #235 Grommet Die1: #245...

C.S. Osborne Handles Only For K-156
C.S. Osborne Handles Only For K-156 - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne
C.S. Osborne Handles Only For K-156 - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne
1
Price
$27.14

C.S. Osborne Handles Only For K-156

HANDLES ONLY FOR K-156 C.S. Osborne Upholstery Tools. Need replacement handles for your K-156 C.S. Osborne upholstery tools? These handles are sold separately, allowing you...

C.S. Osborne 13" Hay Hook - #16
C.S. Osborne 13" Hay Hook 16
C.S. Osborne 13" Hay Hook #16
Price
$28.00

C.S. Osborne 13" Hay Hook - #16

C.S. Osborne Hay Hook # 16 - 13" Made of 3/8″ bright finish round steel. Oval hardwood handle. Tanged through.

C.S. Osborne Grommet Hole Cutter - 3/8"
C.S. Osborne Grommet Hole Cutter - 3/8" - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne, C.S. Osborne Grommet Inserting Die
Price
$45.00

C.S. Osborne Grommet Hole Cutter - 3/8"

C.S. Osborne Grommet Hole Cutter 3/8"Use with corresponding grommets and setting diesDrop Forged, hardened and polished edge.Inside taper for easy clearance.

C.S. Osborne Spur Grommet Die & Hole Cutter Set #WDISGRC - Various Sizes
C.S. Osborne Grommet  Die & Hole Cutter Set - Grommets
Price
Options From $106.00

C.S. Osborne Spur Grommet Die & Hole Cutter Set #WDISGRC - Various Sizes

C.S. Osborne Spur Grommet Die & Hole Cutter Tool 3 pc. set. These grommet dies work with Osbornes W-1 Hand Press or W-3 Pneumatic machines....

C.S. Osborne Glovers' Needles
C.S. Osborne Glovers' Needles - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne, C.S. Osborne Straight Needles
Price
$37.00

C.S. Osborne Glovers' Needles

GLOVERS' NEEDLES C.S. Osborne Upholstery Tools

C.S. Osborne Fit Right Cover Kit - K4500
C.S. Osborne Fit Right Cover Kit - K4500 - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne Marine & Canvas Tools
C.S. Osborne Fit Right Cover Kit - K4500 - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne Marine & Canvas Tools
Price
$97.00

C.S. Osborne Fit Right Cover Kit - K4500

C.S. Osborne Fit Right Cover Kit - K4500 Kit composed of: 1 each Unsnapping Tool 25 each Socket Pins 25 each Plastic Caps 

C.S. Osborne 30" Stainless Steel Drag Hook 671SS-30
C.S. Osborne 30" Stainless Steel Drag Hook 671SS-30
C.S. Osborne 30" Stainless Steel Drag Hook 671SS-30
Price
$61.00

C.S. Osborne 30" Stainless Steel Drag Hook 671SS-30

C.S. Osborne Stainless Steel 30" Drag Hook 671SS Made of FDA approved stainless steel. Flattened top of hook at handle offers more comfort. Hook anchored...

C.S. Osborne Drag Hook/ Wooden Handle - # 670
C.S. Osborne Drag Hook/ Wooden Handle - # 670 - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne Hooks
Price
$40.00

C.S. Osborne Drag Hook/ Wooden Handle - # 670

C.S. Osborne Drag Hook With Wood Handle # 670Forged from high quality carbon steel carefully hardened and tempered. Equipped with laquered hardwood handle. Natural oil...

C.S. Osborne Durable Snap Set Tool 229-24
C.S. Osborne Durable Snap Setter Tool 229
C.S. Osborne Durable Snap Tool Set - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne, C.S. Osborne Snap Kits
Price
$20.00

C.S. Osborne Durable Snap Set Tool 229-24

C.S. Osborne Durable Snap Setter No. 229-20 – Setting die for #24 Standard snaps (5/8″). Comes with flaming tool and double-sided die.

C.S. Osborne Plastic Grip Diagonal Nipper 299 PG 5-1/2
10% off
C.S. Osborne Plastic Grip Diagonal Nipper No. 299 PG 5-1/2 - Carded.
Sale price
$90.00
Regular price
$100.00

C.S. Osborne Plastic Grip Diagonal Nipper 299 PG 5-1/2

C.S. Osborne Plastic Grip Diagonal Nipper No. 299 PG 5-1/2 - Carded. Compond leverage construction makes for easy operation and cutting hardened wire. The tolerance...

C.S. Osborne Collar Awl
C.S. Osborne Collar Awl - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne
Price
$65.00

C.S. Osborne Collar Awl

COLLAR AWL C.S. Osborne Upholstery Tools

C.S. Osborne Closed End Thimble - 15.4 MM
C.S. Osborne Closed End Thimble - 15.4 MM - Alan Richard Textiles, LTD C.S. Osborne, C.S. Osborne Thimbles
Price
$10.00

C.S. Osborne Closed End Thimble - 15.4 MM

C.S. Osborne Thimble - Closed End15.4 Inside Base DiameterOsborne #: 511-10

C.S. Osborne Claw Tool # 122 | Professional Upholstery Tack Lifter
25% off
C.S. Osborne Claw Tool # 122 | Professional Upholstery Tack Lifter
C.S. Osborne Claw Tool # 122 | Professional Upholstery Tack Lifter
Sale price
$30.00
Regular price
$40.00

C.S. Osborne Claw Tool # 122 | Professional Upholstery Tack Lifter

Upgrade your professional upholstery toolkit with the C.S. Osborne Claw Tool # 122. Featuring a forged steel blade and a comfortable hardwood handle, this premium...

C.S. Osborne Combination Tool
C.S. Osborne Combination Tool - C.S. Osborne Chisels & Claws
Price
$16.30

C.S. Osborne Combination Tool

C.S. Osborne Combination ToolA beautiful finished tool with a translucent amber handle designed to fit the hand with perfect balance. Forged highly polished steel blade....

Click here to learn more about Leather Tools and Supplies

C.S. Osborne has produced leather and upholstery tools for nearly two centuries. Their reputation rests on a simple premise: durable, precisely finished tools that stand up to daily workshop use. Osborne primary categories include knives and skivers, punches and punch sets, awls and hafts, edge tools and creasers, hammers, mallets and mauls, plus specialty machines like revolving punches and hand presses. Many of these items are hardened carbon or alloy steels with hardwood handles and nickel-plated ferrules for strength and comfort.

Why professionals choose Osborne
• Consistent hardness and edge holding on knives and skivers makes cutting and skiving predictable.
• Punches and drivers are machined so holes stay true across repeated strikes.
• Edge tools and creasers are available in sizes and profiles tailored for saddlery, bag making, belts and upholstery.
• Osborne tooling covers both small hand tools and heavier shop machines, letting an artisan build a coherent, long-lasting kit.

How to match tools to projects
Start from the leather and the outcome. Vegetable tanned leather benefits from sharp skiving knives and bevelers when thinning or tooling. Thicker chrome-tanned hides need robust punches and a heavier mallet or rawhide maul to protect tool faces. For upholstery, consider specialized staples, tack lifters and webbing stretchers alongside edge tools that are shaped for fabric and leather edges.

Care and maintenance
Regular cleaning, light oiling of metal surfaces and stropping for knives will extend tool life. Replace or re-harden worn punch faces and keep wooden handles oiled to avoid splitting. For best results, have larger blades professionally sharpened if you cannot consistently restore a fine edge at home.

Related products and quick links
• Browse knives and skiving tools:
• Awls, hafts and sewing tools:
• Edge tools and creasers:
• Starter and specialty kits:
• Osborne upholstery range:

Practical buying guidance
If you are building a workshop, prioritize a reliable skiving knife, a set of punches that includes common hole sizes, a good rawhide or rubber mallet, and an awl or stitching tool suitable for your thread and stitch spacing. A modest set of edge tools will let you finish seams and add professional detail.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

1. what should i consider when buying leather tools?
Define the work you will do, the leathers you will use, and your budget. Choose tools built from hardened steel and with comfortable handles. Match punch sizes and edge tool widths to your project, and look for reputable manufacture and available replacement parts. Ergonomics, maintenance requirements and whether the tool suits vegetable-tanned or chrome-tanned leather are also important.

2. Are C.S. Osborne tools made in the USA?
Yes. C.S. Osborne has historic roots in the United States and most of their widely recognized product lines are manufactured or finished in the US. That heritage often means consistent quality and easier access to parts or service.

3. How should I sharpen and maintain Osborne knives and skivers?
Use a combination of fine whetstones and a leather strop with compound for a razor edge. Clean blades after use, avoid corrosive environments, and store blades dry. For heavily used machine or specialty blades consider professional sharpening to maintain the original profile.

4. Can you recommend tools for sewing leather?
For sewing leather, build a simple kit: a quality awl and haft, harness or double-point needles, and waxed linen or polyester thread for strength; add a pricking iron or diamond chisel for even holes, a stitching groover to recess stitches, and a stitching pony or clamp to hold work while you sew. Finish with beeswax or thread conditioner, a sturdy thimble or palm push, and a rawhide mallet to seat stitches.